About Us
About Us

Formulation science that enables tomorrow’s biologics

Formulation science that enables tomorrow’s biologics

From data-science-driven formulation selection and screening to predictive analysis, we turn antibodies, viral vectors and other ATMPs into robust drug products.

From AI-guided excipient prediction over formulation development to predictive stability modeling, we turn antibodies, viruses and viral vectors and other complex ATMPs into stable products. Please also change this in Michael´s quote on our mission on that website

Laboratory staff
Laboratory staff
About Us
About Us

Relentless about stability & speed

Relentless about stability & speed

Every molecule is different. That’s why our cross-functional labs design data-driven formulations tuned to your specific biologic and CMC timeline.

Every molecule is different. That’s why our cross-functional labs design data-driven formulations tuned to your specific biologic and CMC timeline.

Molecular modeling and excipient prediction

Formulation development using screening and optimization DoEs

Shelf life prediction

Laboratory staff
Laboratory staff
Laboratory staff
Laboratory staff

We’re bringing a data-driven mindset to formulation science by combining deep biologics expertise with advanced data science. This allows for de-risking and accelerating the development of robust, scalable drug products.

Laboratory staff
Michael Scholl

CEO

Executive Board
Executive Board

Steering vision, strategy and day-to-day execution.

Seasoned life-science entrepreneurs and biopharma leaders who chart Leukocare’s strategy, culture, and operational excellence.

Team Member

Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Michael Scholl

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Team Member

Chief Operating Officer (COO)

Dr. Cornelius Pompe

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Supervisory Board

Independent governance and strategic guidance.

Independent industry veterans and investment leaders providing governance, capital-market insight, and long-term strategic direction.

Chair

Tadd Wessel

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Board Member

Dr. Andreas Rummelt

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Board Member

Dr. Maximilian Rittmeister

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Board Member

Dr. Jean-Paul Prieels

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Board Member

Dr. Wolfgang Schwandner

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Board Member

Dr. Gerhard Ries

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Scientific Advisory Board

World-class scientists who keep our innovation edge sharp.

Globally renowned scientists who channel the latest academic breakthroughs into our formulation technologies and R&D pipeline.

Chairman

Dr. Andreas Seidl

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Board Member

Prof. Johannes Buchner

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Board Member

Prof. Paul Dalby

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Board Member

Prof. Ulrike Protzer

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Board Member

Prof. Theodore W. Randolph

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Board Member

Prof. Bernhardt Trout

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Interested in Molecular Modeling to understand the cQAs of your product?

Laboratory assistant

Interested in fill and finish services for non-clinical tox studies?

Laboratory assistant

Latest Publications

May 4, 2023

An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

ArchPharm 2023 Aug;356(8):e2300101
ABDEL-TAWAB M. ET AL: An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

Oct 12, 2022

Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

JHEP Reports. 2023 Feb; 5(2): 100603
SACHERL J. ET AL: Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

May 30, 2022

Life Sciences Review

”A Specialist in Bioinformatics based Stabilization of All kinds of Biological Molecules". ISSN 2831-8331

Oct 27, 2021

Pharma Tech Outlook Magazine

S. Smith,” Liquid formulation bolstered by AI". ISSN 2644-2787

Apr 23, 2021

Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

F. Thomas,” Pharmaceutical Technology Europe 33 (4) 2021.

pharmtech.com/view/focusing-on-accelerated-formulation-strategies

Feb 2, 2020

Contract Pharma

Rentschler Biopharma SE/ Leukocare AG: Contract Pharma_54-58 Advertorial 1020
BHONSLE-DEENG L. and PETROPOULOS K.: Advanced Formulation Development by Design in the Context of Holistic Drug Production

Jan 27, 2020

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 109 (2020) 818-829
REINAUER E. ET AL: Algorithm-Based Liquid Formulation Development Including a DoE Concept Predicts Long-Term Viral Vector Stability

Jan 1, 2019

European Biopharmaceutical Review January

European Biopharmaceutical Review January 2019, pages 28-36. © Samedan Ltd
ALTRICHTER J. ET AL: Exploring Amino Acid- Based and Stable Spray- Dried Vaccinations

Nov 9, 2018

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence
"2018 Survey- Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process": 2018 Survey ‘Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process’, based on research from Informa Pharma Intelligence

Sep 9, 2018

European Biotechnology

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 17 | 2018
"Formulation matters": Interview with LEUKOCARE´s CEO Michael Scholl about the impact of formulation on drug product performance.

Jul 1, 2018

Biotechnol. J.

Biotechnol. J. 2018, 13, 1700523
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.:Amino acid-based advanced liquid formulation development for highly concentrated therapeutic antibodies balances physical and chemical stability and low viscosity

Dec 1, 2014

PloS ONE

2014 December, PLoS ONE 9(12): e115940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
WINDOLF C.D. ET AL.:Lysostaphin-Coated Titan-Implants Preventing Localized Osteitis by Staphyloccus aureus in a Mouse Model

Jul 1, 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

2014 July; Vol. 10, Issue 10, Meeting Report
DERWAND R.: Annual World Vaccine Congress 2014: A re-evaluation of the value proposition for increasing vaccine thermostability

Apr 1, 2014

Vaccine

2014 April; Vol. 32, Issue 19
SCHERLIESS R. ET AL.: Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates

Sep 1, 2012

Materials Today

2012 September; Vol. 15, Number 9
TSCHELIESSNIG R. ET AL.: Nano-coating protects biofunctional materials

Mar 1, 2012

Biotechnology Journal

2012 March; Vol. 7, Issue 8
SCHOLZ M. and LÜKING A.: A protein-stabilizing technology for enhanced antibody stability and antibody-binding profiles in a microchip array

Mar 1, 2011

Immunobiology

2011 Mar; 216(3): 334-42
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: Stimulation of Fas signaling down-regulates activity of neutrophils from major trauma patients with SIRS

Apr 20, 2010

Journal of Inflammation 2010

2010 Apr; 20(7): 18
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Extracorporeal immune therapy with immobilized agionistic anti-Fas antibodies leads to transient reduction of circulating neutrophil numbers and limits tissue damage after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in a porcine model

Nov 1, 2009

Journal of Immunology

2009 Nov; 15: 183(10): 6198-6206
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: McI-1-mediated impairment of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in circulating neutrophils from critically ill patients can be overcome by Fas stimulation

Aug 4, 2009

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

2009-nov-198(4)-211-9-lögters-t-et-al-the-clinical-value-of-extracellular-traps

Jul 1, 2009

Shock Journal 2009

2009 Jul; 32(1): 29-34
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Increased plasma kynurenine values and kynurenine: tryptophan ratios after major trauma are early indicators for the development of sepsis

May 1, 2009

Journal of Orthopaedic Research

2009 Nov; 27(11): 1401-7
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs) for septic arthritis

Oct 1, 2008

Shock Journal 2008

2008 Oct; 30 (4): 352-8
MARGRAF S. ET AL.: Neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs): a potential prognostic marker for posttraumatic development of inflammatory second hit and sepsi

Oct 1, 2007

Journal of Inflammation 2007

2007 Oct; 4:21
ABDEL-RAHMAN U. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity improves cardiac function after cardiopulmonary bypass

May 1, 2007

Medical Research Reviews 2007

2007 May; 27(3): 401-16
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Neutrophils and the blood-brain barrier dysfunction after trauma

May 1, 2005

Medical Research Reviews 2005

2005 May; 25(3): 331-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Fas/FasL interaction: a novel immune therapy approach with immobilized biologicals

Apr 8, 2005

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2005 Apr 8; 329(2): 616-23
SCHULLER AM. ET AL.: Degradation of microvascular brain endothelial cell beta-catenin after co-culture with activated neutrophils from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass

Mar 1, 2005

ASAIO Journal

2005 Mar-Apr; 51(2): 144-7
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: First efficacy and safety results with the antibody containing leukocyte inhibition module in cardiac surgery patients with neutrophil hyperactivity

Jun 1, 2004

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

2004 Jun; 127(6): 1735-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: In vivo inhibition of neutrophil activity by a FAS (CD95) stimulating module: arterial in-line application in a porcine cardiac surgery model

Jan 1, 2004

Perfusion

2004 Jan; 19(1): 11-6
MORENO JB. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a novel strategy with the leukocyte inhibition module

May 4, 2023

An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

ArchPharm 2023 Aug;356(8):e2300101
ABDEL-TAWAB M. ET AL: An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

Oct 12, 2022

Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

JHEP Reports. 2023 Feb; 5(2): 100603
SACHERL J. ET AL: Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

May 30, 2022

Life Sciences Review

”A Specialist in Bioinformatics based Stabilization of All kinds of Biological Molecules". ISSN 2831-8331

Oct 27, 2021

Pharma Tech Outlook Magazine

S. Smith,” Liquid formulation bolstered by AI". ISSN 2644-2787

Apr 23, 2021

Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

F. Thomas,” Pharmaceutical Technology Europe 33 (4) 2021.

pharmtech.com/view/focusing-on-accelerated-formulation-strategies

Feb 2, 2020

Contract Pharma

Rentschler Biopharma SE/ Leukocare AG: Contract Pharma_54-58 Advertorial 1020
BHONSLE-DEENG L. and PETROPOULOS K.: Advanced Formulation Development by Design in the Context of Holistic Drug Production

Jan 27, 2020

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 109 (2020) 818-829
REINAUER E. ET AL: Algorithm-Based Liquid Formulation Development Including a DoE Concept Predicts Long-Term Viral Vector Stability

Jan 1, 2019

European Biopharmaceutical Review January

European Biopharmaceutical Review January 2019, pages 28-36. © Samedan Ltd
ALTRICHTER J. ET AL: Exploring Amino Acid- Based and Stable Spray- Dried Vaccinations

Nov 9, 2018

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence
"2018 Survey- Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process": 2018 Survey ‘Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process’, based on research from Informa Pharma Intelligence

Sep 9, 2018

European Biotechnology

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 17 | 2018
"Formulation matters": Interview with LEUKOCARE´s CEO Michael Scholl about the impact of formulation on drug product performance.

Jul 1, 2018

Biotechnol. J.

Biotechnol. J. 2018, 13, 1700523
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.:Amino acid-based advanced liquid formulation development for highly concentrated therapeutic antibodies balances physical and chemical stability and low viscosity

Dec 1, 2014

PloS ONE

2014 December, PLoS ONE 9(12): e115940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
WINDOLF C.D. ET AL.:Lysostaphin-Coated Titan-Implants Preventing Localized Osteitis by Staphyloccus aureus in a Mouse Model

Jul 1, 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

2014 July; Vol. 10, Issue 10, Meeting Report
DERWAND R.: Annual World Vaccine Congress 2014: A re-evaluation of the value proposition for increasing vaccine thermostability

Apr 1, 2014

Vaccine

2014 April; Vol. 32, Issue 19
SCHERLIESS R. ET AL.: Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates

Sep 1, 2012

Materials Today

2012 September; Vol. 15, Number 9
TSCHELIESSNIG R. ET AL.: Nano-coating protects biofunctional materials

Mar 1, 2012

Biotechnology Journal

2012 March; Vol. 7, Issue 8
SCHOLZ M. and LÜKING A.: A protein-stabilizing technology for enhanced antibody stability and antibody-binding profiles in a microchip array

Mar 1, 2011

Immunobiology

2011 Mar; 216(3): 334-42
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: Stimulation of Fas signaling down-regulates activity of neutrophils from major trauma patients with SIRS

Apr 20, 2010

Journal of Inflammation 2010

2010 Apr; 20(7): 18
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Extracorporeal immune therapy with immobilized agionistic anti-Fas antibodies leads to transient reduction of circulating neutrophil numbers and limits tissue damage after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in a porcine model

Nov 1, 2009

Journal of Immunology

2009 Nov; 15: 183(10): 6198-6206
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: McI-1-mediated impairment of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in circulating neutrophils from critically ill patients can be overcome by Fas stimulation

Aug 4, 2009

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

2009-nov-198(4)-211-9-lögters-t-et-al-the-clinical-value-of-extracellular-traps

Jul 1, 2009

Shock Journal 2009

2009 Jul; 32(1): 29-34
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Increased plasma kynurenine values and kynurenine: tryptophan ratios after major trauma are early indicators for the development of sepsis

May 1, 2009

Journal of Orthopaedic Research

2009 Nov; 27(11): 1401-7
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs) for septic arthritis

Oct 1, 2008

Shock Journal 2008

2008 Oct; 30 (4): 352-8
MARGRAF S. ET AL.: Neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs): a potential prognostic marker for posttraumatic development of inflammatory second hit and sepsi

Oct 1, 2007

Journal of Inflammation 2007

2007 Oct; 4:21
ABDEL-RAHMAN U. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity improves cardiac function after cardiopulmonary bypass

May 1, 2007

Medical Research Reviews 2007

2007 May; 27(3): 401-16
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Neutrophils and the blood-brain barrier dysfunction after trauma

May 1, 2005

Medical Research Reviews 2005

2005 May; 25(3): 331-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Fas/FasL interaction: a novel immune therapy approach with immobilized biologicals

Apr 8, 2005

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2005 Apr 8; 329(2): 616-23
SCHULLER AM. ET AL.: Degradation of microvascular brain endothelial cell beta-catenin after co-culture with activated neutrophils from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass

Mar 1, 2005

ASAIO Journal

2005 Mar-Apr; 51(2): 144-7
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: First efficacy and safety results with the antibody containing leukocyte inhibition module in cardiac surgery patients with neutrophil hyperactivity

Jun 1, 2004

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

2004 Jun; 127(6): 1735-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: In vivo inhibition of neutrophil activity by a FAS (CD95) stimulating module: arterial in-line application in a porcine cardiac surgery model

Jan 1, 2004

Perfusion

2004 Jan; 19(1): 11-6
MORENO JB. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a novel strategy with the leukocyte inhibition module

May 4, 2023

An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

ArchPharm 2023 Aug;356(8):e2300101
ABDEL-TAWAB M. ET AL: An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions

Oct 12, 2022

Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

JHEP Reports. 2023 Feb; 5(2): 100603
SACHERL J. ET AL: Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance

May 30, 2022

Life Sciences Review

”A Specialist in Bioinformatics based Stabilization of All kinds of Biological Molecules". ISSN 2831-8331

Oct 27, 2021

Pharma Tech Outlook Magazine

S. Smith,” Liquid formulation bolstered by AI". ISSN 2644-2787

Apr 23, 2021

Pharmaceutical Technology Europe

F. Thomas,” Pharmaceutical Technology Europe 33 (4) 2021.

pharmtech.com/view/focusing-on-accelerated-formulation-strategies

Feb 2, 2020

Contract Pharma

Rentschler Biopharma SE/ Leukocare AG: Contract Pharma_54-58 Advertorial 1020
BHONSLE-DEENG L. and PETROPOULOS K.: Advanced Formulation Development by Design in the Context of Holistic Drug Production

Jan 27, 2020

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 109 (2020) 818-829
REINAUER E. ET AL: Algorithm-Based Liquid Formulation Development Including a DoE Concept Predicts Long-Term Viral Vector Stability

Jan 1, 2019

European Biopharmaceutical Review January

European Biopharmaceutical Review January 2019, pages 28-36. © Samedan Ltd
ALTRICHTER J. ET AL: Exploring Amino Acid- Based and Stable Spray- Dried Vaccinations

Nov 9, 2018

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence

Rentschler Biopharma SE / LEUKOCARE AG/ Informa Pharma Intelligence
"2018 Survey- Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process": 2018 Survey ‘Formulation in the Drug Product Development Process’, based on research from Informa Pharma Intelligence

Sep 9, 2018

European Biotechnology

European Biotechnology | Autumn Edition | Vol. 17 | 2018
"Formulation matters": Interview with LEUKOCARE´s CEO Michael Scholl about the impact of formulation on drug product performance.

Jul 1, 2018

Biotechnol. J.

Biotechnol. J. 2018, 13, 1700523
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.:Amino acid-based advanced liquid formulation development for highly concentrated therapeutic antibodies balances physical and chemical stability and low viscosity

Dec 1, 2014

PloS ONE

2014 December, PLoS ONE 9(12): e115940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.
WINDOLF C.D. ET AL.:Lysostaphin-Coated Titan-Implants Preventing Localized Osteitis by Staphyloccus aureus in a Mouse Model

Jul 1, 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

2014 July; Vol. 10, Issue 10, Meeting Report
DERWAND R.: Annual World Vaccine Congress 2014: A re-evaluation of the value proposition for increasing vaccine thermostability

Apr 1, 2014

Vaccine

2014 April; Vol. 32, Issue 19
SCHERLIESS R. ET AL.: Induction of protective immunity against H1N1 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 with spray-dried and electron-beam sterilised vaccines in non-human primates

Sep 1, 2012

Materials Today

2012 September; Vol. 15, Number 9
TSCHELIESSNIG R. ET AL.: Nano-coating protects biofunctional materials

Mar 1, 2012

Biotechnology Journal

2012 March; Vol. 7, Issue 8
SCHOLZ M. and LÜKING A.: A protein-stabilizing technology for enhanced antibody stability and antibody-binding profiles in a microchip array

Mar 1, 2011

Immunobiology

2011 Mar; 216(3): 334-42
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: Stimulation of Fas signaling down-regulates activity of neutrophils from major trauma patients with SIRS

Apr 20, 2010

Journal of Inflammation 2010

2010 Apr; 20(7): 18
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Extracorporeal immune therapy with immobilized agionistic anti-Fas antibodies leads to transient reduction of circulating neutrophil numbers and limits tissue damage after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in a porcine model

Nov 1, 2009

Journal of Immunology

2009 Nov; 15: 183(10): 6198-6206
PAUNEL-GOERGUELUE A. ET AL.: McI-1-mediated impairment of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in circulating neutrophils from critically ill patients can be overcome by Fas stimulation

Aug 4, 2009

Medical Microbiology and Immunology

2009-nov-198(4)-211-9-lögters-t-et-al-the-clinical-value-of-extracellular-traps

Jul 1, 2009

Shock Journal 2009

2009 Jul; 32(1): 29-34
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Increased plasma kynurenine values and kynurenine: tryptophan ratios after major trauma are early indicators for the development of sepsis

May 1, 2009

Journal of Orthopaedic Research

2009 Nov; 27(11): 1401-7
LÖGTERS T. ET AL.: Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs) for septic arthritis

Oct 1, 2008

Shock Journal 2008

2008 Oct; 30 (4): 352-8
MARGRAF S. ET AL.: Neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs): a potential prognostic marker for posttraumatic development of inflammatory second hit and sepsi

Oct 1, 2007

Journal of Inflammation 2007

2007 Oct; 4:21
ABDEL-RAHMAN U. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity improves cardiac function after cardiopulmonary bypass

May 1, 2007

Medical Research Reviews 2007

2007 May; 27(3): 401-16
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Neutrophils and the blood-brain barrier dysfunction after trauma

May 1, 2005

Medical Research Reviews 2005

2005 May; 25(3): 331-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: Fas/FasL interaction: a novel immune therapy approach with immobilized biologicals

Apr 8, 2005

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

2005 Apr 8; 329(2): 616-23
SCHULLER AM. ET AL.: Degradation of microvascular brain endothelial cell beta-catenin after co-culture with activated neutrophils from patients undergoing cardiac surgery with prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass

Mar 1, 2005

ASAIO Journal

2005 Mar-Apr; 51(2): 144-7
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: First efficacy and safety results with the antibody containing leukocyte inhibition module in cardiac surgery patients with neutrophil hyperactivity

Jun 1, 2004

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

2004 Jun; 127(6): 1735-42
SCHOLZ M. ET AL.: In vivo inhibition of neutrophil activity by a FAS (CD95) stimulating module: arterial in-line application in a porcine cardiac surgery model

Jan 1, 2004

Perfusion

2004 Jan; 19(1): 11-6
MORENO JB. ET AL.: Inhibition of neutrophil activity in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a novel strategy with the leukocyte inhibition module